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Her er en FN brosjyre om Afghansk opium handel

https://www.unodc.org/documents/data...e_2011-web.pdf

Nederst på side 92

Adulterants include quinine, mannitol, lactose,ca=eine, inositol, lidocaine,
starches, methapyrilene, sucrose, acetylprocaine and dextrose.

Sak fra FN om lab-testede beslag i afganistan

https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/front...or-heroin.html

In 2008, the laboratory of the Counter-Narcotics Police of Afghanistan (CNPA), through improved forensic capacities and facilities, was able to identify several pharmacological substances that are typically used for mixing with heroin. These chemicals, usually referred to as cutting agents, include caffeine, chloroquine, phenolphthalein and paracetamol.

he findings of the CNPA laboratory suggest that heroin cutting takes place at source and that heroin produced in Afghanistan may be customized for different markets and consumer groups.

mer.. om beslagene
https://www.nps.edu/documents/105988...0-0f697f4d592c

Since November 2008, UNODC’s work with the forensic
laboratory of the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan
(CNPA) has identified chloroquine in more than 10 different seizures. Most of them occurred in Kunduz and Kabul,
with one small seizure in Badakhshan. Some cases have
involved chloroquine samples and heroin or morphine
samples in the same seizure. Most, however, have
involved chloroquine mixed with sugar. Both types appear
to be attempts to deceive would-be buyers.
Chloroquine is an oral anti-malarial of which Afghanistan
received many tons during the 1990s as humanitarian aid.
Chloroquine is similar to heroin in appearance and texture,
but confusing the two is very likely to kill an injecting drug user. As early as 2001, fatalities emerged in
Russia following the distribution of chloroquine smuggled from Afghanistan, apparently mistaken for
heroin.

FN Analyse fra 1953
https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-...2_page008.html

Quinine is the most common adulterant and probably occurs in more than half the heroin samples in the United States and Canada.

Quinine rapportert i heroin siden tidlig 1940-tallet på USAs østkyst

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6114137/

Quinine, once a common antimalarial medication, has been reported in East Coast heroin supplies since the early 1940s and may intensify the 'rush' of heroin"]Quinine, once a common antimalarial medication, has been reported in East Coast heroin supplies since the early 1940s and may intensify the 'rush' of heroin

Heroin in Malaysia and Singapore
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/....1002/dta.2238
Caffeine has remained the major adulterant and chloroquine is detected in virtually all recent seizures.


https://luxury.rehabs.com/heroin-add...s-it-cut-with/

Materials used to cut heroin, which range from toxic additives to simple fillers, can also have harmful effects on the body—particularly if the heroin is injected. One of the most common adulterants is quinine.


Heroin Research Report
- National institute of drug abuse

https://www.drugabuse.gov/download/3...48996055c53b74

Fra side 2

It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder that is "cut" with sugars, starch, powdered milk, or quinine.

Drugs.com
https://www.drugs.com/illicit/opium.html
Most illicit heroin is sold as a white or brownish powder and may be "cut" with other substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. It can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons.

Kan også annbefale å se på rapporten fra
DOMESTIC MONITOR PROGRAM
DHA går undercover i 18 byen og gjør kjøp for å teste heroinen. Se opphav, hva den inneholder, renhet og kartlegge priser på gate heroinen i amerikanske byen.
https://www.dea.gov/documents/2018/1...monitor-report

Her en eldre som er litt mer simpel.
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digi...46181NCJRS.pdf

Kult at studiet var ifra universitet i Aarhus. Det er et universitet jeg har et forhold til og byen min bedre halvdel bor.

Problemet med å bruke Danmark som et eksempel er at Danmark er et lite land og hvor heroin også er et lite populært rusmiddel. Det ligner egentlig ikke så mye på Norge. Det er et marked som kan kontrolleres av svært få aktører, noe som kan gi mindre variasjon. Bruksmønster er også svært annerledes med få injiserende brukere. Koffein som det ene året ble funnet i nesten alt testet i studie kan være problematisk å injisere da det krever 1ml vann for å løse opp 16mg i romtemperert vann om ikke det skal se ut som bomull når det blir avkjølt etter kokingen er ferdig. Det går derimot helt fint å røyke med chasing the dragon metoden. Norge skiller seg ut fra våre brøde med vår høye andel tunge sprøyte narkomane.

Min opplevelse av heroinet både i Sverige og Danmark er at heroinen der oftere er blandet ut med tanke på røyking enn injisering. Ofte er det svært høye mengder koffein. Dette har jeg aldri opplevd i Norge.
Ettersom quinine blir tilsatt blant annet fordi det gir økt rush ved injisering er det også logisk at produktet vil appellere mer på markedene hvor injisering skjer hyppigere.